Monoecious holocyclic cycle

Several generations of parthenogenetic females come in between fundatrix and sexupara during spring and summer.

This is the case for:    

•  the cabbage aphid: Brevicoryne brassicae which lives on Brassicaceae (cabbage, rape, mustard, radish and so on)
•  The pea aphid: Acyrthosiphon pisum which proliferates on wild Fabaceae (laburnum, broom etc.) or cultivated ones (peas, beans, lucerne etc.)
•  The English grain aphid: develops on various cultivated Poaceae (wheat, barley etc.) or wild forms

•  …..