Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763

Morphological characters

1.5 -2.6 mm.
Apterous: stockier, matt black to greenish, nymphs are recognizable with three pairs of white waxy spots on abdomen.
Alate: dark, antennae short, cornicles short and black, cauda short, squat and black.

See identification file

Life cycles

Dioecious holocyclic and anholocyclic in regions with mild climate.

Host plants   

Highly polyphagous, more than 200 host plants.
Primary hosts: Euonymus europaeus (spindle-tree), Viburnum opulus (guelder-rose or water elder).
Secondary hosts: Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, diverse crops of flowers and ornamental plants.

Particular characteristics

A. fabae forms sleeve-like colonies on the secondary host plants, sometimes extremely dense.

Agronomic impact

In France, this is the second most harmful species after Myzus persicae. It leads to substantial damage because it colonizes crops as widely different as beet, potato, tobacco, sunflower or rapeseed, although it does have a preference for Fabaceae.
It is vector of a large number of viruses in the different plant families encountered. On beet, it transmits serious beet yellow (BYV) and mild beet yellow virus (BMYV) which provoke yield losses in sugar due to decreased beet tonnage at harvest.

Natural enemies

The action of parasites (insects and entomopathogenic fungi) plus predators is effective for reducing such aphid populations.

Predators 
 

Parasitoids : 

• Aphelinus asychis
• Aphelinus chaonia
• Aphelinus humilis
• Aphidius colemani
• Aphidius matricariae
• Binodoxys angelicae
• Diaeretiella rapae
• Ephedrus nacheri
• Ephedrus persicae
• Ephedrus plagiator
• Lipolexis gracilis
• Lysiphlebus cardui
• Lysiphlebus confusus
• Lysiphlebus fabarum
• Lysiphlebus testaceipes
• Praon abjectum
• Praon volucre